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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific
- Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
- Map references:
- Central America and the Caribbean
- Area:
- total area:
- 51,100 sq km
- land area:
- 50,660 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than West Virginia
- note:
- includes Isla del Coco
- Land boundaries:
- total 639 km, Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km
- Coastline:
- 1,290 km
- Maritime claims:
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November)
- Terrain:
- coastal plains separated by rugged mountains
- Natural resources:
- hydropower potential
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 6%
- permanent crops:
- 7%
- meadows and pastures:
- 45%
- forest and woodland:
- 34%
- other:
- 8%
- Irrigated land:
- 1,180 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching;
- soil erosion
- natural hazards:
- occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding
- of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes
- international agreements:
- party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea,
- Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling;
- signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 3,419,114 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 35% (female 585,976; male 617,456)
- 15-64 years:
- 60% (female 1,013,491; male 1,036,195)
- 65 years and over:
- 5% (female 88,050; male 77,946) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 2.24% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 3.47 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 10.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 78.11 years
- male:
- 76.21 years
- female:
- 80.1 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 3.01 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Costa Rican(s)
- adjective:
- Costa Rican
- Ethnic divisions:
- white (including mestizo) 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%, Chinese 1%
- Religions:
- Roman Catholic 95%
- Languages:
- Spanish (official), English; spoken around Puerto Limon
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1984)
- total population:
- 93%
- male:
- 93%
- female:
- 93%
- Labor force:
- 868,300
- by occupation:
- industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%,
- other 4.9% (1985 est.)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Costa Rica
- conventional short form:
- Costa Rica
- local long form:
- Republica de Costa Rica
- local short form:
- Costa Rica
- Digraph:
- CS
- Type:
- democratic republic
- Capital:
- San Jose
- Administrative divisions:
- 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago,
- Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose
- Independence:
- 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
- Constitution:
- 9 November 1949
- Legal system:
- based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in
- the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
- Executive branch:
- chief of state and head of government:
- President Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (since 8 May 1994); First Vice President
- Rodrigo OREAMUNO Blanco (since 8 May 1994); Second Vice President Rebeca
- GRYNSPAN Mayufis (since 8 May 1994); election last held 6 February 1994
- (next to be held February 1998); results - President FIGUERES (PLN party)
- 49.7%, Miquel Angel RODRIGUEZ (PUSC party) 47.5%
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; selected by the president
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa):
- elections last held 6 February 1994 (next to be held February 1998); results
- - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (61 total) PLN 28, PUSC 29, minority
- parties 4
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)
- Political parties and leaders:
- National Liberation Party (PLN), Manuel AGUILAR Bonilla; Social Christian
- Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier; Marxist Popular Vanguard
- Party (PVP), Humberto VARGAS Carbonell; New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio
- Erick ARDON Ramirez; Progressive Party (PP), Isaac Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos;
- People's Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Lenin CHACON Vargas; Radical Democratic
- Party (PRD), Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Government
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD, Liberation Party
- affiliate); Confederated Union of Workers (CUT, Communist Party affiliate);
- Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers (CATD, Communist Party
- affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; National Association for Economic
- Development (ANFE); Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL, rightwing militants);
- National Association of Educators (ANDE)
- Member of:
- AG (observer), BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
- ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
- IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD,
- UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Sonia PICADO
- chancery:
- 2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 234-2945
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 265-4795
- consulate(s) general:
- Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Durham, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New
- Orleans, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, San
- Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
- consulate(s):
- Austin
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- US Ambassador to Costa Rica Peter DE VOS
- embassy:
- Pavas Road, San Jose
- mailing address:
- APO AA 34020
- telephone:
- [506] 220-3939
- FAX:
- [506] 220-2305
- Flag:
- five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and
- blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red
- band
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Costa Rica's basically stable and progressive economy depends especially on
- tourism and export of bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. In
- 1994 the economy grew at an estimated 4.3%, compared with 6.5% in 1993, 7.7%
- in 1992, and 2.1% in 1991. Inflation in 1993 dropped to 9% from 17% in 1992
- and 25% in 1991, an indication of basic financial stability. Unemployment is
- officially reported at only 4.0%, but there is much underemployment. Costa
- Rica signed a free trade agreement with Mexico in 1994.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.9 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 4.3% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $5,050 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 9% (1993 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- 4% (1993); much underemployment
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $1.1 billion
- expenditures:
- $1.34 billion, including capital expenditures of $110 million (1991 est.)
- Exports:
- $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar
- partners:
- US, Germany, Italy, Guatemala, El Salvador, Netherlands, UK, France
- Imports:
- $2.9 billion (c.i.f., 1993)
- commodities:
- raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum
- partners:
- US, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Germany
- External debt:
- $3.2 billion (1991)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 10.5% (1992); accounts for 22% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 1,040,000 kW
- production:
- 4.1 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 1,164 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer,
- plastic products
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 19% of GDP and 70% of exports; cash commodities - coffee, beef,
- bananas, sugar; other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes;
- normally self-sufficient in food except for grain; depletion of forest
- resources resulting in lower timber output
- Illicit drugs:
- transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit
- production of cannabis on small, scattered plots
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Economy
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $935 million;
- Communist countries (1971-89), $27 million
- Currency:
- 1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos
- Exchange rates:
- Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 164.39 (December 1994), 157.07 (1994),
- 142.17 (1993), 134.51 (1992), 122.43 (1991), 91.58 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 950 km (260 km electrified)
- narrow gauge:
- 950 km 1.067-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 35,560 km
- paved:
- 5,600 km
- unpaved:
- gravel and earth 29,960 km (1992)
- Inland waterways:
- about 730 km, seasonally navigable
- Pipelines:
- petroleum products 176 km
- Ports:
- Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas
- Merchant marine:
- none
- Airports:
- total:
- 174
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 2
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 1
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 17
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 117
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 1
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 36
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 292,000 telephones; very good domestic telephone service
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- connection into Central American Microwave System; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic
- Ocean) earth station
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 18
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Costa Rica
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Civil Guard, Coast Guard, Air Section, Rural Assistance Guard; note - the
- Constitution prohibits armed forces
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 896,516; males fit for military service 602,785; males reach
- military age (18) annually 32,815 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% of GDP (1989)
-